There are different types of cone cells called red cone cells, blue cone cells and green cone cells on the retina. 

When one or more types of cones are missing or malfunctioning, the brain receives incomplete or altered signals about color, leading to difficulties in distinguishing between colors. This deficiency in cone function disrupts the normal processing of color information, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of color blindness. 

Due to disorder on these cone cells, a person suffers from color blindness.