Doctors can examine internal body parts clearly using fiber optic scopes. These scopes contain bundles of flexible optical fibers. Each fiber carries a tiny part of the image, and when combined, they form a clear picture of the internal area being examined. Here’s how it works:

1. Light Transmission: Some fibers in the scope carry light into the body, illuminating the area of interest.
2. Image Transmission: Other fibers pick up the light reflected from the internal tissues. Each fiber in the bundle transmits a small part of the image, which collectively forms a detailed picture.

These fibers use total internal reflection to keep the light signals inside each fiber, even when the scope bends. This way, doctors get a clear, real-time view of internal organs and tissues without large incisions, allowing for effective diagnosis and treatment.